Spore movement driven by the spore wall in an eusporangiate fern

Peter Hovenkamp (†), Raymond van der Ham, Gerda van Uffelen, Martin van Hecke, Joshua A. Dijksman, Wim Star.

 

Supplementary material: video's

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1 – Real-time recording of single sporangium during dehiscence

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2 – Real-time recording of isolated spores taken from sporangium before release

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3 – High-speed recording of ejecting spores (frame rate 2000 f/s, elapsed real time 10 ms)

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4 – High-speed recording of ejecting spores (frame rate 2000 f/s, elapsed real time 20 ms)